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Hair Disease

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What is hair disease?

Hair diseases are disorders primarily associated with hair follicles and the scalp.

Hair disorders associated with hair fall

Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease causing hair loss over the scalp, beard, and moustache and sometimes on the other hairy parts of the body.

Symptoms:

The most prominent symptom of alopecia areata is patchy hair loss. Coin-sized patches of hair begin to fall out, mainly from the scalp. Any site of hair growth may be affected, including the beard and eyelashes.

Causes:

The condition occurs when immunecells of the body attack the hair follicles, causing them to shrink, eventually  the hair roots also close leading to smooth and shiny appearance of the affected area.

Treatments:
  • Intralesional Corticosteroid injections. This method of treatment is the most common form of treatmentfor alopecia areata. Corticosteroids are injected into bare patches of skin with a tiny needle.
  • Topical Minoxidil.
  • Anthralin cream or ointment.
  • Topical Corticosteroids.
Androgenetic alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. It is characterized by a receding hairline and gradual disappearance of hair from the crown and frontal scalp.

Causes:
  • Genetic factors.
Treatments
  • Finasteride
  • Minoxidil
  • PRP, GFR
  • Light therapy (LLLT)
  • Hair transplantation
Telogen effluvium

Telogen effluvium is temporary hair thinning over the scalp that occurs because of changes in the growth cycle of hair. A large number of hairs enter the resting phase at the same time, causing hair shedding and subsequent thinning.

Causes:
  • Severe stress
  • Poor diet
  • Sudden weight loss
  • Pregnancy and childbirth
  • Certain drugs
  • Underlying health conditions
Treatments:
  • Focus on diet and physical fitness.
  • Product that contains 5 percentminoxidil, procapil, hair strengthening topicals may be prescribed by your doctor.
  • Oral supplements may be recommended as per requirement.

Hair disorders associated with flakes and itching

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that mainly affects your scalp. It causes scaly patches, red skin and stubborn dandruff. It can also affect oily areas of the body, such as the face, sides of the nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids and chest.

Symptoms:
  • Skin flakes (dandruff) on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard or moustache.
  • Red skin.
Causes:
  • Stress.
  • A yeast called malassezia that is in the oil secretion on the skin.
  • Certain medical conditions and medicines.
  • Cold, dry weather.
  • An immune system
Treatments:

Shampoos that may contain one or more of the following ingredients:

  • Tar
  • Ketoconazole 
  • Zinc pyrithione
  • Selenium sulfide (Selsun)
  • Salicylic acid
  • 10% sodium sulfacetamide and 5% sulfur solution

*Medications like these may be prescribed by your doctor. Disclaimer : Avoid self-medication *

Seborrheic psoriasis

Seborrheicpsoriasis is a common skin disorder that makes raised, reddish, often scaly patches. It can pop up as a single patch or several, and can even affect your entire scalp.

Causes:
  • Hereditary
  • Autoimmune reactions
  • Smoking (seasonal variations)
  • Stress (can be an aggravating factor)
  • Viral and bacterial infections.
Treatments:

*Medications like these may be prescribed by your doctor. Disclaimer : Avoid self-medication *

  • Anthralin, coal tar
  • Topical steroids
  • Salicylic acid
  • Calcipotriene
  • Ultraviolet light therapy
  • Oral retinoids ( in severe cases your doctor might prescribe steroids or other immune regulating agents )

Psychological disorders leading to hair fall

Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania is defined as a self-induced and recurrent loss of hair. It includes the criterion of an increasing sense of tension before pulling the hair and gratification or relief when pulling the hair.

Causes:

Trichotillomania results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Autism
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Treatments:
  • Habit reversal training
  • Cognitive therapy
  • Antidepressant’s prescribed by your doctor

*Medications like these may be prescribed by your doctor. Disclaimer : Avoid self-medication *

  • N-acetylcysteine
  • Olanzapine
  • Clomipramine

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